Substituted biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid arylamide analogues capable of
modulating receptor activity, are provided. Such ligands may be used to
modulate receptor activity in vivo or in vitro, and are particularly
useful in the treatment of pain and other conditions associated with
receptor activation in humans, domesticated companion animals and
livestock animals. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating
such disorders are provided, as are methods for using such ligands for
receptor localization studies.