A convex structure, where a servo signal is recorded, of a perpendicular
magnetic recording medium is set to a truncated quadrangular pyramid
shape and a specification of the truncated quadrangular pyramid shape and
so forth are determined according to properties of the perpendicular
magnetic recording medium to be used, so that the influence of a
demagnetizing field that accelerates thermal fluctuation of the
perpendicular magnetic recording medium can be reduced in a servo area of
the medium which is most affected by the thermal fluctuation of the
medium. Therefore, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording and
reproducing apparatus having the magnetic recording medium that can
suppress degradation of the servo signal caused by the thermal
fluctuation of magnetization of perpendicular magnetic recording layers
forming a convex-concave structure in the servo area to thereby ensure a
stable servo function over the long term.