A solar cell having foil electrodes. Specifically, a metal foil is
implemented to form electrodes providing a reduced electron path from a
dye-sensitized semiconductor material to the electrodes. In one
embodiment, nanowires extending from the substrate on which the solar
cell is formed are provided. In another embodiment, cavities are formed
in a sheet of conductive foil by oxidation, thereby forming a
semiconductive material. The semiconductive material is sensitized with a
dye and an electrolyte solution is disposed in the cavities, thereby
forming an array of dye-sensitized solar cells.