A coherent receiver receives a set of signals which are spaced in phase,
or phase and polarization, and a reference signal. The receiver processes
the set of signals to determine which of the set of signals has a
predetermined association (e.g. closest in phase) with the reference
signal and selects that signal as an optimum output. The receiver has the
effect of de-rotating the phase slip between the input signal and
reference signal in discrete steps. The selecting occurs on a repeated
basis to select an optimum output. The set of signals can be processed in
the analogue or digital domains, by such techniques as: comparing the
amplitude of each of the set of signals with a threshold, comparing
signals with each other or cross-correlation. The processing can be
implemented, if desired, without the need for complicated components,
which would either be expensive or become unreliable at the extreme high
operating frequencies used for optical communication.