Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are introduced into an affected
intervertebral disc without the inclusion of disc cells. The inventions
applies to all known and yet-to-be developed or discovered BMPs,
including BMP-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, . . . BMPn. The
BMP(s) may be obtained from natural and/or recombinant sources. The
BMP(s) may be introduced using any surgical technique, including
percutaneous or laparoscopic approaches. As one delivery mechanism, a
passageway may be formed through the annulus, with the substances then
being introduced through the passageway. Alternatively, a carrier may be
sewn or otherwise adhered to the inside or outside of the existing
annulus using standard surgical procedures. Additional therapeutic
substances such as culture medium, growth factors, differentiation
factors, hydrogels, polymers, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications,
or immunosuppressive medications could be introduced in conjunction with
the BMP(s).