A vibrating inertial rate sensor has sense elements that operate on axes
that are rotationally skewed from a node reference axis, enabling both a
rate sense and a drive sense determination. Alternatively, the skew may
be applied to rotationally offset the drive elements from antinode
reference axes to affect active torquing of the gyroscope. The skewed
sensing scheme may be applied to vibratory systems having one or more
node axes. The skewed drive scheme may be applied to vibratory systems
having two or more node axes to affect active torquing.