A patterning method forms a pattern including a lyophilic region and a
lyophobic region. The method includes treating the surface of an object
by exposing an atmosphere containing at least one gas selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, deuterated hydrogen, and
tritium; partially exposing the treated surface to light to form an
exposed region and an unexposed region; and applying a liquid onto one of
the exposed region and the unexposed region.