This invention takes advantage of the characteristics that the effective
charge numbers of different metals have different values and even with
different signs, and alloys are prepared with the metals of different
signs of effective charge numbers. The effective charge numbers of the
alloys are the summation of the mole fraction of each constituent metal
times its respective effective charge number. Based on the knowledge of
the calculated effective charge number, alloys are prepared with proper
selection of constituent metals and proper ratios. When the alloy is
under the influence of an electric field, the atoms, with the tendency to
move in the same direction of the electron flow, interact with the atoms,
with the tendency to move in the opposite. The alloys are thus
electromigration effect-free or electromigration effect-insignificant.