Methods and apparatus for depositing films on semiconductor wafers in
chemical vapor deposition processes employing a catalyst to provide one or
more activated gases to reduce the surface temperature of the
semiconductor wafer needed to form the film thereon. The activated gas
precursors can include hydrogen or hydrogen-bearing gases. The catalysts
can be selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium,
platinum, gold, silver, mercury, rhenium, copper, tungsten, and
combinations thereof.