A semiconductor interconnect structure having a substrate with an
interconnect structure patterned thereon, a barrier layer, a pre-seed
layer, a seed layer, a bulk interconnect layer, and a sealing layer. A
process for creating such structures is described. The barrier layer is
formed using atomic layer deposition techniques. Subsequently, a pre-seed
layer is formed to create a heteroepitaxial interface between the barrier
and pre-seed layers. This is accomplished using atomic layer epitaxy
techniques to form the pre-seed layer. Thereafter, a seed layer is formed
by standard deposition techniques to create a homoepitaxial interface
between the seed and pre-seed layers. Upon this layered structure further
bulk deposition of conducting materials is done. Excess material is
removed from the bulk layer and a sealing layer is formed on top to
complete the interconnect structure.