Functionalized polymer surfaces having reactive moieties thereon are
contacted with stamps having ligands adsorbed thereto, the ligands also
comprising reactive moieties. The reactive moieties of the functionalized
surfaces and the ligands form covalent bonds, thus providing a method of
microstamping polymer surfaces directly with ligands such as biological
ligands. Using this method, devices such as tissue culture plates with
polymer surfaces that are microstamped directly with ligands can be made.