A polymer electrolyte membrane composed of polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA)
crosslinked within a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix is provided.
This membrane exhibits low methanol crossover which translates to higher
fuel and fuel cell efficiencies. A fuel cell comprising a PSSA-PVDF
membrane is also provided. Further, methods of decreasing the fuel
crossover rate, enhancing fuel cell efficiency, and enhancing electrical
performance of a fuel cell are provided.