A novel soybean cultivar, designated B0592, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar B0592, to the plants of soybean B0592 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar B0592 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar B0592 with another soybean cultivar.