A "leads-off indicator" for an ECG apparatus for indicating that one or
more of a plurality of ECG electrodes is not properly affixed to a patient
and that that obviates the need for a conventional high frequency drive
signal, but instead, employs common mode input noise as a drive signal to
a reference electrode such that if one of the electrodes defining an ECG
vector is not properly affixed, an increase in the ambient noise on an ECG
vector associated with the detached electrode occurs as a detectable
event. A first algorithm is used to identify whether or not the reference
electrode itself is properly affixed to the patient's right leg and, if
so, the common mode signal presented to the remaining limb electrodes
becomes unbalanced should one of the limb electrodes not be properly
connected to the patient. An impedance balancing circuit is provided for
developing signals allowing identification of a lose electrode when the
ECG system does not utilize a right leg electrode as a reference.