An optical modulator includes a first substrate, a second substrate
arranged with a predetermined gap interposed between itself and the first
substrate, and partition wall members partitioning pixels arranged between
the substrates. A liquid and a plurality of charged particles are arranged
at each of the pixels. The optical modulator is manufactured by forming
the partition walls on the second substrate, placing the liquid and the
electrically charged particles in the recesses defined by the second
substrate and the partition wall members, placing the perforated member on
the partition wall members to confine the charged particles in the
recesses, and arranging a blind member so as to close the perforations of
the perforated member. With this method charged particles are prevented
from flowing out of the pixels in the manufacturing process.
