A charging system includes a rotatable member to be charged, and a rotatable
charging
member provided with electroconductive particles thereon and forming a nip part
with the member to be charged and disposed in the nip part to charge the member
to be charged. When the diameter of the member to be charged is defined as LD (mm)
and the diameter of the charging member is defined as LC (mm), LD25 and
LDLC350. As a result,, in the charging system, and a process cartridge
and an image-forming apparatus including such a charging system, an image-bearing
member can be made small in diameter.
