Methods and apparatus embodying techniques useful in testing students for
mastery of educational topics. A plurality of fact elements are accessed and a
first fact element is presented in a first semantic format, a first response is
received to the fact element in the first semantic format, the first fact element
is presented in a second semantic format, and a second response is received to
the fact element in the second semantic format. In another aspect, the techniques
iteratively present a plurality of fact elements in a plurality of different question
formats, and also presents a memory aid. A memory aid may be presented with the
fact element.
