Purified synthetic polypeptide ligands comprising a 12-mer L-peptide, D-peptides
being the D-form of the 12-mer L-peptides, 12-mer retro-inverted peptides being
the retro-inverted form of the 12-mer L-peptide, or fragments and homologues thereof,
are disclosed. These ligands are for targeting pharmaceutical agents and carriers
comprising such agents to intestinal epithelial tissue, especially Peyer's patch
and/or M-Cell tissue. Methods of using the ligands are also disclosed.