A soybean cultivar, designated 0491738, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 0491738, to the plants of soybean 0491738 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar 0491738 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 0491738 with another soybean cultivar.