A laser-aided, direct metal deposition (DMD) fabrication process is used for
dies
and molds having integrated sensors for monitoring and controlling characteristics
that determine the quality of an article being processed. A method of fabricating
such devices, as well as the "smart" devices themselves are disclosed. A system
of manufacturing articles uses smart dies or smart molds so that various characteristics
that affect the quality of the finished article are monitored during the die-forming
or injection-molding process. The sensors, which are an integral part of the product-shaping
devices, include simple thermocouples for measuring the temperature in various
locations, as well as piezoelectric sensors and strain gages to monitor the build-up
of stress and strain history caused by fluctuations in temperature during the fabrication
process. This information is transmitted to a computer, where it is analyzed or
compared with standardized histories obtained either through calibration experiments
or through theoretical calculations.