A method for producing arrays by spacing a dispenser a distance from a surface
of a support, dispensing a volume containing a compound in a single coupling step
of less than 5 nl to occupy a localized area of less than 1 cm2 of the
surface of the support, allowing the compound to bind directly or indirectly to
the support and repeating the steps to produce an array of at least 100 ligands
at a density of 1000 per cm2 or greater.