The invention relates to methods for the make-up to and care of a keratinous material comprising applying to a keratinous material a composition comprising an aqueous microdispersion of particles of at least one wax and an aqueous dispersion of particles of at least one film-forming polymer. The composition makes it possible to obtain a film which may be resistant to cold water and may be removed as make-up with hot water. The invention also relates to a mascara comprising an aqueous microdispersion of particles of at least one wax and an aqueous dispersion of particles of at least one film-forming polymer wherein the particles of at least one film-forming polymer have a mean particle size of at least 10 nm and further wherein the at least one film-forming polymer is not a coloring polymer and methods for application of the mascara.