The present invention provides an in situ plasma reducing process to reduce oxides
or other contaminants, using a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen, typically ammonia,
at relatively low temperatures prior to depositing a subsequent layer thereon.
The adhesion characteristics of the layers are improved and oxygen presence is
reduced compared to the typical physical sputter cleaning process of an oxide layer.
This process may be particularly useful for the complex requirements of a dual
damascene structure, especially with copper applications.