An array of piezoelectric resonators used in a sensor device in order to identify
chemical and biological agents. The resonators can operate as bulk acoustic wave
(BAW), surface acoustic wave (SAW), or Love mode devices. The sensor device integrates
gravimetric, calorimetric, thermal gravimetric, voltage gravimetric and optical
detection methods into one sensor system, improving the accuracy of identifying
hazardous agents. For gravimetric detection, dual-mode resonators provide simultaneous
calorimetric and gravimetric data, one type from each mode. Resonators with heaters
on the surfaces will provide thermal gravimetric data. An optical detector can
be used to analyze the optical signal from the surface of a coated resonator. Additionally,
voltage gravimetric measurements can be made with an electric field set up between
the resonator and an external electrode. Thermal voltage gravimetric measurements
can be made by adding an integrated heater on the resonator with an external electrode.
An alarm can be activated upon the identification of a hazardous agent. The sensor
device can utilize other valuable information, including traceable time, GPS location,
and variables related to temperature, humidity, air speed, and air direction.