An optical system includes multiple cubic crystalline optical elements and one
or more uniaxial birefringent elements in which the crystal lattices of the cubic
crystalline optical elements are oriented with respect to each other to reduce
the effects of intrinsic birefringence and produce a system with reduced retardance.
The net retardance of the system is reduced by the cancellation of retardance contributions
from the multiple cubic crystalline optical elements and the uniaxial birefringent
element. The optical system may be used in a photolithography tool to pattern substrates
such as semiconductor substrates and thereby produce semiconductor devices.