In an embodiment of the invention, an electronic device includes an interfacial
layer with traps. This interfacial layer is between an electrode and an organic
layer, and if the electrode was adjacent to the organic layer, the energy barrier
between these two layers is such that the current through the organic layer is
limited by charge injection into this layer rather than the transport properties
of the organic layer. The traps are used to accumulate charges of one charge type
(e.g., either electrons or holes) within the interfacial layer. By accumulating
charges, the bands of the interfacial layer are bent so that charges can tunnel
from the electrode to the organic layer thus increasing the efficiency of the electronic
device and allowing organic layers to be used within an electronic device that
otherwise would be too inefficient for use in that device.