A novel soybean cultivar, designated 4181001, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 4181001, to the plants of soybean 4181001 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar 4181001 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 4181001 with another soybean cultivar.