An electric heater for industrial liquids comprises a plastic flat box that contains
a stainless steel pressure vessel holding a number of parallel electrical heating
rods. These heating rods are interlaced with shorter "I" shaped Teflon rods which
generates a tube-like space around the heating rods. Spiral grooves in the symmetrical
concave faces of the Teflon rods promote a spiraling turbulent flow. The general
liquid flow from the liquid inlet meanders around the parallel heating rods for
optimal heat transfer. The heater can be mounted horizontally or vertically on
the side of a lab bench or a vessel for floor space conservation. The flow speed
of the liquid, its specific heat, the number of heating elements with their individual
power rating determine the heating profile of liquid temperature versus cumulative
length of the flow path which is important to prevent the liquid from reaching
the boiling point. This arrangement allows for design flexibility and scalability
in heating capacities. The pressure vessel, the wet space, has a smooth interior
layout for easy Teflon spray coating to make it suitable for heating aggressive
etching liquids.