A composite outsole for a shoe, and a shoe incorporating a composite outsole, are provided. The outsole comprises an inner surface in contact with the shoe upper, and an outer surface in contact with the ground or other walking or running surface. The outsole includes multiple material regions and/or layers having characteristics, such as traction, durability, hardness, etc. The use of multiple materials for fabricating the outsole as an integral structure is designed to provide functional utility in a variety of different environments and when used under different conditions.