This invention relates to compounds having a formula (I): 1
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate,
prodrug or polymorph thereof wherein X is --C(R.sup.g).dbd.N-A. The
invention also relates to methods of treating IL-12
overproduction-related disorders, methods of treating or preventing
disorders related with excessive bone loss, methods for inhibiting
osteoclast formation, and methods for treating or preventing a disorder
associated with excessive bone resorption.