The present invention provides a potassium-doped mixed metal oxide cathode material
formed by advantageously alloying MnO2 with potassium and lithium to
provide a new mixed metal oxide cathode material as the positive electrode in rechargeable
lithium and lithium ion electrochemical cells. By alloying MnO2 with potassium
and lithium in a LixKyMn2O4 compound,
the cathode materials of the present invention afford overcharge protection that
allows the cathode to be fully reversible. Manganese dioxide doped with potassium
was initially examined as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion
batteries in order to provide a new mixed metal oxide cathode material as the positive
electrode in rechargeable lithium and lithium ion electrochemical cells. The LixKyMn2O4
material is incorporated into an electrochemical cell with either a lithium
metal or lithium ion anode and an organic electrolyte. In one embodiment, the cathode
of the present invention comprises a compound with the general formula LixKyMn2O4,
where y0.5, x+y1.0 and the reversible region for x is between 0.0x1.0-y
to provide the required overcharge protection and a high voltage cutoff on charge.
In the preferred embodiment, a cathode comprising Li0.8K0.1Mn2O4
is provided. The cathode materials, cathodes, lithium electrochemical device
and methods of this invention answer the long-felt need for a reversible cathode
for rechargeable lithium batteries without suffering from the shortcomings, limitations
and disadvantages of, rigid stoichiometry electronic control and loss of reversibility.