Certain constrained cyano compounds are useful as inhibitors of
post-proline/alanine cleaving amino-dipeptidases. Accordingly, these
compounds can be employed, alone or with another therapeutic agent, to
treat diabetes (especially, Type II diabetes), hyperglycemia, Syndrome X,
diabetic complications, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, atherosclerosis and
related diseases, as well as various immunomodulatory diseases and
chronic inflammatory bowel disease.