The present invention relates to methods of improving a treatment outcome comprising administering a heat shock protein (HSP) preparation or an -2-macroglobulin (2M) preparation with a non-vaccine treatment modality. In particular, an HSP preparation or an 2M preparation is administered in conjunction with a non-vaccine treatment modality for the treatment of cancer or infectious diseases. In the practice of the invention, a preparation comprising HSPs such as but not limited to, hsp70, hsp90 and gp96 alone or in combination with each other, noncovalently or covalently bound to antigenic molecules or 2M, noncovalently or covalently bound to antigenic molecules is administered in conjunction with a non-vaccine treatment modality.