An integrated receiver with channel selection and image rejection substantially
implemented on a single CMOS integrated circuit. A receiver front end provides
programmable attenuation and a programmable gain low noise amplifier. LC filters
integrated onto the substrate in conjunction with image reject mixers provide image
frequency rejection. Filter tuning and inductor Q compensation over temperature
are performed on chip. Active filters utilize multi track spiral inductors with
shields to increase circuit Q. The filters incorporate a gain stage that provides
improved dynamic range through the use of cross coupled auxiliary differential
pair CMOS amplifiers to cancel distortion in a main linearized differential pair
amplifier. Frequency planning provides additional image rejection. Local oscillator
signal generation methods on chip reduce distortion. A PLL generates needed out
of band LO signals. Direct synthesis generates in band LO signals. PLL VCOs are
centered automatically. A differential crystal oscillator provides a frequency
reference. Differential signal transmission throughout the receiver is used. ESD
protection is provided by a pad ring and ESD clamping structure. Shunts utilize
a gate boosting at each pin to discharge ESD build up. An IF VGA utilizes distortion
cancellation achieved with cross coupled differential pair amplifiers having their
Vds dynamically modified in conjunction with current steering of the
differential pairs sources.