Two co-catalysts selected from the transitional metals can be employed in proton
exchange membrane fuel cells to catalyze a borohydride anolyte, such that diatomic
hydrogen produced on the surface of a particle of a first catalyst is diffused
to an adjacent surface of a particle of a second catalyst. At the second catalyst
the diatomic hydrogen is catalyzed to produce hydrogen ions, which are employed
as the mobile ion transported across the electrolyte concurrent with the generation
of electrical current. The apparatus operates without the accumulation of hydrogen
gas, except as adhered to the surface of the two catalysts.