Increasing the output signal from CPP GMR devices by increasing the read
current has not previously been considered an option because it would make the
device run too hot. This problem has been overcome by using, for the upper and
lower leads, materials that differ significantly in their thermoelectric powers.
Thus, when DC is passed through the device, from - to + TEP leads, hot and cold
junctions are formed and heat is transferred from the micro-device into the leads,
resulting in a net local cooling of the device which enables it to operate at higher
power. For a GMR device, this translates to a larger output voltage, making it
easier, more sensitive, and more reliable to use.