Grids and collimators, for use with electromagnetic energy emitting devices,
include at least a metal layer that is formed, for example, by electroplating/electroforming
or casting. The metal layer includes top and bottom surfaces, and a plurality of
solid integrated walls. Each of the solid integrated walls extends from the top
to bottom surface and has a plurality of side surfaces. The side surfaces of the
solid integrated walls are arranged to define a plurality of openings extending
entirely through the layer. At least some of the walls also can include projections
extending into the respective openings formed by the walls. The projections can
be of various shapes and sizes, and are arranged so that a total amount of wall
material intersected by a line propagating in a direction along an edge of the
grid is substantially the same as another total amount of wall material intersected
by another line propagating in another direction substantially parallel to the
edge of the grid at any distance from the edge. Methods to fabricate these grids
using copper, lead, nickel, gold, any other electroplating/electroforming materials
or low melting temperature metals are described.