Thermally induced frequency variations in a micromechanical resonator are
actively or passively mitigated by application of a compensating stiffness, or
a compressive/tensile strain. Various composition materials may be selected according
to their thermal expansion coefficient and used to form resonator components on
a substrate. When exposed to temperature variations, the relative expansion of
these composition materials creates a compensating stiffness, or a compressive/tensile strain.