A textured water-splitting membrane comprises an anion exchange layer
abutting a cation exchange layer to form a heterogeneous water-splitting
interface therebetween, and a textured surface having a pattern of
texture features comprising spaced apart peaks and valleys. The membranes
can also have an integral spacer on the membrane. A cartridge can be
fabricated with a plurality of the membranes for use in an
electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell can be part of an
electrochemical ion exchange system.