A system and method for controlling the in situ orientation of the headlamps of a vehicle, from a camera that is mounted in the headlamp, as a function of the attitude of the vehicle. A camera is secured to a reflector of the headlamp so as to film the road extending in front of the vehicle. An image processing unit processes at least two successive images in order to detennine a measured horizon line of the road scene in front of the vehicle. A setpoint horizon line has been determined beforehand during initial adjustment of the headlamp. The real horizon line is then brought closer to the setpoint horizon line by modifying the orientation of the headlamp, until the distance between the measured line and the setpoint line tends towards zero.