A method and apparatus for non-invasively withdrawing and accurately evaluating
analytes quickly, painlessly and reliably from a biological subject automatically
and controlling subsequent administration of therapeutic agents in response to
such analyte sample analysis. Improvements are provided in electro-osmotic sample
withdrawal, dosimetry and iontophoretic delivery subsystems, biosensors electrode
construction and arrangement, intervenors, mediators, bolus delivery, and related subsystems.