A method of forming a composite structure includes: (1) providing first and second
sintered bodies containing first and second multicomponent metallic oxides having
first and second identical crystal structures that are perovskitic or fluoritic;
(2) providing a joint material containing at least one metal oxide: (a) containing
(i) at least one metal of an identical IUPAC Group as at least one sintered body
metal in one of the multicomponent metallic oxides, (ii) a first row D-Block transition
metal not contained in the multicomponent metallic oxides, and/or (iii) a lanthanide
not contained in the multicomponent metallic oxides; (b) free of metals contained
in the multicomponent metallic oxides; (c) free of cations of boron, silicon, germanium,
tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, phosphorus and tellurium; and (d) having a melting
point below the sintering temperatures of the sintered bodies; and (3) heating
to a joining temperature above the melting point and below the sintering temperatures.