A method for forming a patterned film on a substrate, the method including: providing
a first flowable medium on the substrate and a second flowable medium on the first
flowable medium, the first and second flowable media having different dielectric
properties and defining an interface there between; applying an electric field
to the interface for a time sufficient to produce a structure in the first flowable
medium along the interface: and hardening the structure in the first flowable medium
to form the patterned film.