A new class of hybrid organic-inorganic materials, and methods of synthesis,
that
can be used as a proton exchange membrane in a direct methanol fuel cell. In contrast
with Nafion PEM materials, which have random sulfonation, the new class of
materials have ordered sulfonation achieved through self-assembly of alternating
polyimide segments of different molecular weights comprising, for example, highly
sulfonated hydrophilic PDA-DASA polyimide segment alternating with an unsulfonated
hydrophobic 6FDA-DAS polyimide segment. An inorganic phase, e.g., 0.5-5 wt % TEOS,
can be incorporated in the sulfonated polyimide copolymer to further improve its
properties. The new materials exhibit reduced swelling when exposed to water, increased
thermal stability, and decreased O2 and H2 gas permeability,
while retaining proton conductivities similar to Nafion. These improved properties
may allow direct methanol fuel cells to operate at higher temperatures and with
higher efficiencies due to reduced methanol crossover.