Circuits, methods, and apparatus for using redundant circuitry on
integrated circuits in order to increase manufacturing yields. One
exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a circuit
configuration wherein functional circuit blocks in a group of circuit
blocks are selected by multiplexers. Multiplexers at the input and output
of the group of circuit blocks steer input and output signals to and from
functional circuit blocks, avoiding circuit blocks found to be defective
or nonfunctional. Multiple groups of these circuit blocks may be arranged
in series and in parallel. Alternate multiplexer configurations may be
used in order to provide a higher level of redundancy. Other embodiments
use all functional circuit blocks and sort integrated circuits based on
the level of functionality or performance. Other embodiments provide
methods of testing integrated circuits having one or more of these
circuit configurations.