The object of the present invention is to realize a low-invasive underground
exploration apparatus, system, and method which are capable of specifying the kind,
three-dimensional position, and amount of a substance present in the ground. The
underground exploration apparatus, system, and method includes: measuring, at multiple
points, a high frequency voltage that appears upon conduction of high frequency
current through the ground to obtain measurement results at two or more frequency
levels; employing an ground model using the finite element method, the boundary
element method, an impedance network, or the like to estimate a substance in the
ground by changing unknown quantities of the ground model such as local dielectric
constant and electric conductivity so as to make an error between the actual measured
value and the calculated value smaller; and displaying input information of the
ground model and results of the estimation processing two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally.