An apparatus for detecting position information of a moving object. The apparatus includes a transponder, a communication module, and a reader. The transponder is installed on a predetermined location of a road and stores position information associated with the installed location. The communication module is mounted to a moving object, emits an RF (Radio Frequency) signal toward a road surface, and receives position information associated with the transponder's installation location from the nearest transponder using an RF signal. The reader receives position information associated with the transponder's installation location from the communication module, and reads a current position of the moving object. The apparatus minimizes a data error between the detected position information. The transponder installed on a road is driven by RF signals received from external devices, resulting in increasing a lifetime of the transponder. This apparatus minimizes the cost of OAM (Operation, Administration, and Maintenance).