A multi-section filter is provided for use in processing optical signals and
other
signals that can be readily projected from one filter section to another. Filters
of the invention can be configured in numerous forms, including IIR and FIR filters
and both linear and 2D active optical lattice filters. Filter sections are coupled
together by means of four direction couplers and surface grating couplers, and
may be implemented as GSE photonic integrated circuit devices.