An electrophoretic display includes a cell having a viewed region and a non-viewed
region. The cell contains a suspending fluid and a first particle species and a
second particle species dispersed within the suspending fluid. Application of a
first electrical field causes the first particle species and the second particle
species to vibrate and separate from: one another, the cell walls, the viewed region,
and the non-viewed region. Application of a second electric field, in one direction,
causes the first particles to migrate toward the viewed region and the second particles
to migrate toward the non-viewed region, effecting a color state. The electrophoretic
display may be fabricated from multiple display cells arranged on a substrate.