A fuel cell using a secondary alcohol such as 2-propanol as fuel is disclosed.
The fuel is oxidized directly at the anode without any reforming. Such a direct
secondary alcohol fuel cell (D2AFC) possesses a much higher performance than a
direct methanol fuel cell, especially at current densities less than 200 mA/cm2.
In addition, fuel loss due to crossover in a direct 2-propanol fuel cell (D2PFC)
is less than one-sixth of that in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).